Mobile Analysis Business Model Free Essays

This paper centers around the vital vulnerabilities, where countless on-screen characters are attempting various key ways to deal with position themselves in the most ideal situation in the worth framework. As a result, they are exploring different avenues regarding various improving plans of action. We contend that fruitful plans of action are probably going to be the ones that best location the financial eccentricities fundamental this industry, similar to versatility, organize impacts and characteristic imposing business models. We will compose a custom article test on Portable Analysis Business Model or on the other hand any comparable theme just for you Request Now The paper presents the chief classes of on-screen characters that will take an interest In the portable business Industry and give an outline of their plans of action dependent on a formalized metaphysics. Numerous meanings of versatile business center around empowering business exchange through airless gadgets, befuddling portable trade and versatile business. A generally embraced definition, by Drencher, characterizes portable business as â€Å"any exchange with a fiscal worth that Is led by means of versatile media transmission network† (M;leeriness, 1999). Like web based business, the emphasis Is on the trading of items and administrations, however without the requirement of a fixed client utilizing wired framework. We like to receive a more extensive perspective on versatile business, which incorporates â€Å"all exercises identified with a (potential) business exchange through correspondences organizes that Interface with portable devices† (Treacheries, 2002). Portable business is an ongoing, yet encouraging Industry made by the rise and across the board selection of remote information organizes, that empower the intermingling of the Internet, e-business and the remote world (Oklahoma, 2002). Like other developing ventures, versatile business is described by a ceaselessly changing and complex condition, which makes significant vulnerabilities at the degrees of innovation, request and methodology (Porter, 1980). At the mechanical level, vulnerabilities are ordinarily brought about by quick innovative turn of events and the pattern of an industry which is conceived on account of an innovative development. Concerning improve, regardless of a summed up accord about the colossal capability of portable business administrations, no one really realizes how to abuse the additional opportunities brought by innovation to make significant administrations that the clients are eager to pay. At long last, vital vulnerabilities are a typical circumstance in rising ventures, whose basic trademark from the perspective of figuring procedures is that there are no settled guidelines of the game. As an outcome, on-screen characters must involvement in an assortment of key methodologies and continually reposition themselves so as to locate the most great serious situation in the business. In light of these perceptions, we built up a general examination structure enlivened by the chips away at the Balanced Scorecard (figure 1). Our goal is to consider a market perception device for the versatile business industry. The hidden thought is that we can all the more likely comprehend the truth by taking perspectives from various reciprocal points of view and assembling them all. The viewpoints are picked to cover all the various vulnerabilities referenced previously. Every point of view centers around specific parts of the portable scene and requires explicit perception apparatuses. The advancement Focus Observed items Observation devices Instructions to refer to Mobile Analysis Business Model, Papers

Homeland Security Organization and Administration Case Study - 1

Country Security Organization and Administration - Case Study Example The association has been and still is, a significant danger towards worldwide harmony, and their exercises have asserted various lives. Be that as it may, the world got a respite when its pioneer, Osama canister Laden, was slaughtered in 2011 by US Special Forces through an attack on a Pakistani compound. Following his murdering, the US president conveyed a discourse, trailed by the executive of the CIA. As much as the talks console on the wellbeing of residents notwithstanding the mission for worldwide security, different derivations can be concluded from them, especially in light of what Osama’s demise intends to the world. Accordingly, Obama’s message is basically a reaffirmation of the conviction of the American government towards the battle against psychological oppression. Obama likewise addresses the solidarity that guided the different gatherings associated with the battle against fear based oppression, and the American individuals on the loose. Regardless, he recognizes the way that the future holds a great deal as far as assurance against psychological oppression. Obama states that the war against psychological warfare is a long way from being done, and there is as yet a should be as attentive, for fear mongering is as yet a danger. By saying that the reason fo r making sure about the country isn't finished, he passes on the message that what's to come is as yet melancholy in regard of the requirement for protection from psychological warfare. In this way, the president’s discourse is themed more on the part of triumph, however he additionally recognizes that there is some opportunities for hazard. Correspondingly, Leon Panetta’s discourse acknowledges the endeavors of the different people and foundations that participated in the mission to discover Osama canister Laden. Panetta builds up the need to free the world and America of Osama, and his whole al Qaeda arrange. All through this discourse, inferences to any future concerns are moderately rare, with the exception of the energy about the way that al Qaeda isn't dead, and retaliatory assaults are practically sure. It very well may be derived this infers an increasingly point by point framework should be set up to dispose of, or if nothing else decrease this chance in case of any future attack.â

Book Review TOEFL Power Vocab (The Princeton Review)

Book Review TOEFL Power Vocab (The Princeton Review) My Grade for TOEFL Power Vocab: C+TOEFL Vocabulary is a funny topic. I mostly teach TOEFL writing. When I am working with students on their essays, I usually stress that they should not try to utilize advanced vocabulary in their essays. Instead, I usually encourage them to improve their writing score by using a wide range of easy words in their essays. Basically, the TOEFL e-rater, I believe, is more concerned with how many different words students use, rather than how difficult the words are. Obviously, of course, the vocabulary level matters to some extent, but I mostly encourage students to use words they already know. This means that they dont really need a TOEFL vocabulary book.Reading is a slightly different story. I think that studying vocabulary books is a great long-term strategy for students. Expanding their vocabulary is a great way to increase their comprehension of the reading passages. Probably the listening passages too, now that I think about it.By long-term I mean t hree months or more. If students have less than three months to prep for the test, they probably dont need a vocabulary book either. It just wont make a huge difference in such a short period of time.So is Princeton Reviews TOEFL Power Vocab a good vocabulary book?Sort of.At first glance I really wanted to like this book. It is really just 800 words (sorted alphabetically) with concise definitions and some short quizzes every few pages. It is free of any useless clutter. I would rather have 8000 words, but 800 seems to be as much as any book has nowadays (Kaplan includes about the same amount in their vocabulary book).The words are relevant, too. But the problem is that too many of them are way too easy. Most students who are already scoring 80 points and above will probably already know them. For instance, here are the words from a random page (172): suggest, suitable, summarize, summon, support, supposed, surpass, surprised, surrounded.I wouldnt exactly call those examples of powe r vocabulary.Another random page (121): imply, important, impressive, inactive, incandescent, inconspicuous, increase, increasingly.A less random page (69): circumspect, circumstances, circumvent, clamor, classified, clearly, climactic, coincidence.I think you get the point. Some of these words will really benefit students, but quite a few of them are just a waste of their time.I am on the hunt for a good vocabulary book and will try to review a few more in the months ahead, so please let me know if you have any favorites. Im all ears.

The Influences of Oscar Wilde The Picture of Dorian Gray

The Influences of Oscar Wilde Throughout his life Oscar Wilde had many strong influences exerted upon him. During his early childhood his mother influenced him and into college some of his professors and certain philosophers left a substantial impression upon him. Into adulthood these influences leaked out in his writing. These influences gave him ample ideas for writing The Picture of Dorian Gray. Wildes study of the Hellenistic ideals of Epicurus, his coddled lifestyle as a child and his devotion to the movement of Aesthetics and Moral Ambiguity have produced one of the most astounding works of horror fiction. Oscar Wilde more effeminate attitude toward life and the way he looked at beauty can be attributed to his mother, Speranza.†¦show more content†¦But the most important influence at Oxford was Walter Pater, Fellow at Brasenose College and the writer of the sensational Studies in the History of the Renaissance (1873). PaterS skepticism and the belief that followed, that the study of ones private experience is more fruitful than the study of a chaotic external world, represented an exciting contrast to conventional social and moral wisdom. For a sensitive young undergraduate like Wilde to learn that the aim of life is to cultivate the deepest response to what is beautiful profound, or curious is to place in front of him an irresistibly attractive way of life.(Ericksen 17) This indicates that Pater was a direct influence on Wildes insatiable love for beauty which spilled over into The Picture of Dorian Gray. During his college years Wilde also came across the teaching of Epicurus, a Greek philosopher who lived from 342-270 B.C.E. and taught that pleasure was the highest good. He was active during the Hellenistic period and had a defining influence on those defined as Aesthetes and Decadents, particularly Walter Pater and his occasional disciple Oscar Wilde.(Terpening 1) The Victorian aesthetes, such as Wilde and Pater concerned themselves with sense-perception, wholeness, and the soul. It was the belief of Wilde that the exterior beauty of a man conceals inner moral decrepitude to those who do not contemplate in earnest . . . Dorian GraysShow MoreRelated The Influence of Lord Henry in The Picture of Dorian Gray, by Oscar Wilde2378 Words   |  10 Pages In analyzing Oscar Wilde’s The Picture of Dorian Gray, concepts such as influence and the origin of evil in Dorian Gray play an exceptionally valuable role in understanding the motives of the characters. Although some critics argu e characters such as Lord Kelso significantly influence Dorian’s corruption, Lord Henry Wotton’s toxic personality undeniably impacts Dorian the most. Throughout the course of the novel, Lord Henry remains the ultimate source of evil and uses deception and persuasion toRead More A Comparison of Oscar Wilde and Dorian Gray Essay1330 Words   |  6 PagesA Comparison of Oscar Wilde and Dorian Gray      Ã‚   One novel that stands out as literary masterpiece is The Picture of Dorian Gray by Oscar Wilde. Wilde wrote a dark tale of a man, Dorian Gray, who destroys his life by exchanging his soul for eternal youth and beauty. The character of Dorian Gray, in many aspects, mirrors the self-destruction of the authors own life. Therefore, Oscar Wilde portrays his own life through Dorian Gray, the main character of the novel. Oscar Fingal O FlahertieRead MoreAnalysis Of The Picture Of Dorian Gray1301 Words   |  6 PagesIrony in The Picture of Dorian Gray More often than not, it is hard to face the consciousness of the inevitable. Everyone feels the distress of realizing that time is fleeting and they will soon grow old and wrinkly, no longer their youthful self. The Picture of Dorian Gray, by Oscar Wilde, illustrates this human condition specifically through the main character Dorian Gray. Mr. Gray captures the artistic imagination of artist Basil Howard, who constantly paints portraits of Dorian. Basil usuallyRead MoreThe Theme of Decadence in the Picture of Dorian Grey by Oscar Wilde1553 Words   |  7 PagesThe theme of decadence in The Picture of Dorian Grey by Oscar Wilde Staring from the definition found in the dictionary, the decadence is a literary movement especially of late 19th-century France and England characterized by refined aestheticism, artifice, and the quest for new sensations. [1] In decadence, important is not necessarily what is seen, but the hermeneutics: what man feels when he sees the creative result of this feeling. It is the current that requires a co-operationRead MoreThe Picture of Dorian Gray: Corruption Through Aestheticism1464 Words   |  6 PagesThe Picture of Dorian Gray: Corruption Through Aestheticism The Picture of Dorian Gray by Oscar Wilde is the story of moral corruption by the means of aestheticism. In the novel, the well meaning artist Basil Hallward presets young Dorian Gray with a portrait of himself. After conversing with cynical Lord Henry Wotton, Dorian makes a wish which dreadfully affects his life forever. If it were I who was to be always young, and the picture that was to grow old! For that I would give everythingRead MoreHuman Connectivity And Response On Art : The Portrait Of Dorian Gray1030 Words   |  5 PagesPortrait of Dorian Gray Is it the morality or immorality of art that affects our lives, or do we bring that morality or immorality to art? Oscar Wilde’s novel, The Portrait of Dorian Gray, can be seen as a discussion on the effect of art on life and how there exists a unique connection between the morality (or immorality) of art and the importance of human connectivity and response to art. The preface to The Portrait of Dorian Gray exists as a lesson in contradictions; specifically, Wilde mentionsRead MoreThe Picture Of Dorian Gray Essay1460 Words   |  6 Pagesbe the theme of Oscar Wilde’s book, The picture of Dorian Gray, art an beauty are both the same, yet they are different. But how can this be? Well, beauty and art are intertwined the moment art is used to capture a sliver of pure beauty, in order to make that moment last forever. According to Lord Henry, â€Å" Yes, Mr. Gray, the gods have been good to you. But what the goods give can easily be taken away. You only have a few years in which to live really, perfectly, and fully† (Wilde Pg. 22). HoweverRead More The Trial of the Sensational Oscar Wilde1357 Words   |  6 PagesThe Trial of the Sensational Oscar Wilde    Ed Cohens Talk on the Wilde Side discusses the trial of Oscar Wilde in 1895. Cohen explores the lack of legal transcripts of the case which relies on newspaper press reports and accounts to document this lawsuit. His investigations into the clarity of the newspaper accounts found that they were themselves highly mediated stories whose narrative structures organized and gave meaningful shapes to the events they purported to accurately representRead More Essay on Picture of Dorian Gray: The Character of Lord Henry Wotten1670 Words   |  7 PagesWotten of The Picture of Dorian Gray  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The purpose of this essay is to explore the character of Lord Henry Wotten, from The Picture of Dorian Gray by Oscar Wilde. Oscar Wilde once said: I only know that Dorian Gray is a classic and deservedly. With this in mind, this essay is aimed at looking at how Lord Henry Wotton manipulates various conversations and how he effects the story with his challenging speeches, which is the reason The Picture of Dorian Gray is a classic.Read MoreThe Writing style of Oscar Wilde in His Story: The Picture of Dorian Gray596 Words   |  3 Pages The writing style in The Picture of Dorian Gray Oscar Wilde was a writer that appreciated writing style more than the actual substance in literary pieces. In his only finished piece, The Picture of Dorian Gray, Wilde accomplished perfection. He shows his skillful ability to poignantly use figures of speech, we can also infer that he has astonishing mastery in his wording and use of vocabulary when he describes different characters, places, and settings. Something that is also noticeable in this

‘It is from society and not from the individual that...

‘It is from society and not from the individual that morality derives’ (Durkheim 1974: 61). According to Emile Durkheim ‘morality begins with the membership and life of a group†¦and that society creates all moral codes, not individuals’ (Durkheim 1974: 37). He stated that an individual cannot exist without society or deny it, without denying himself. Zygmunt Bauman however disagrees and believes morality is a pre-social impulse and therefore does not originate in society. In this essay I will first explore Durkheim’s theory of morality. I will then interrogate Durkheim’s claim that moral values come from society and are solely directed towards society by examining Bauman’s critique of his theory exemplified in ‘Modernity and the†¦show more content†¦He contended that for us to become the agents of an act and therefore perform a said act, it must interest our sensibility and appear to us as desirable (1974:36). Thus Du rkheim identified obligation and desirability as the two essential characteristics of moral acts. These characteristics are never paired with individuals acting in their own egoistic interests but rather they are linked to the good of society ‘with the condition that society be always considered as being qualitatively different from the individual beings that compose it’ (1974: 37). Desirability to Durkheim meant an individual would only desire to act moral for morality’s sake as the individual did not benefit or understand the reasons he was being commanded to obey (Durkheim 1974: 45). Durkheim argued that it is impossible to desire a morality other than the one given to us by society. He continued by expressly stating that ‘to desire a morality other than that implied by nature of society is to deny the latter end, and consequently, oneself (1974:38). He explained that this ‘moral reality’ appears to us under two different aspects that must be clearly distinguished: the objective and the subjective’ (Durkheim, 1974:40). He believed that there exists a general morality common to all individuals belonging to a collectivity, even though each mind experiences moral rules differently. Durkheim referred to morality as existingShow MoreRelatedOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesdilemmas. The book engages in an imaginative way with a wealth of organizational concepts and theories as well as provides insightful examples from the practical world of organizations. The authors’ sound scholarship and transparent style of writing set the book apart, making it an ingenious read which invites reflexivity, criticalness and plurality of opinion from the audience. This is a book that will become a classic in organization studies. Mihaela L. Kelemen, Professor of Management Studies, KeeleRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesWeidemann-Book Credits and acknowledgments borrowed from other sources and reproduced, with permission, in this textbook appear on appropriate page within text. Copyright  © 2011, 2007, 2005, 2002, 1998 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall, One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction

Marketing the $100 Laptop Free Essays

The idea of â€Å"One Laptop Per Child† that was thought up by Negroponte was designed to offer essentially a $100 Laptop to needy children around the world to promote the use of technology in the classroom and home as an educational tool. Negroponte believed that children around the world who privileged enough to own or even access a computer were at a severe disadvantage when it came to education. The first challenge that the OLPC faced was how to design and mass-produce the $100 laptop. We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing the $100 Laptop or any similar topic only for you Order Now The issues that the design team faced was rooted in the conditions faced in the countries that the laptop would be used, not only environmental conditions but also resource availability such as electricity and Internet coverage. Another challenge that the OLPC faced was how to convince the governments that this was the â€Å"best investment† to not only improve the education in their country but also assist in their fight against poverty. With regards to the design issues and ability to make the idea a reality I think they have done a great job. They have met all the design needs of the involved countries and sourced a producer that matches the demands while offering effective pricing. In my opinion I think they have done a fair job in showing the true benefits that these laptops can provide to communities that are not privileged enough to have computers and internet in every household. The strategic placements in come communities to get the attention of the governments was a great idea like in Uruguay but I believe they should have donated more to create a bigger hype and better opinion of in the news. The difficulties with marketing the OLPC to governments were based on government’s agenda matched by their budgets. What I mean by this is that if a government decides to invest a certain proportion of their budget to the OLPC then it has to be cut from some other department, which many governments could not justify. The spending of millions on laptops for children over a health program or more teachers for classrooms was a debate faced by all involved governments and created a major hurdle for OLPC to overcome. In my opinion there are two strategic options that OLPC could undertake, the first option would be to go ahead and get project underway without the firm commitments in an attempt to grab market share through first mover advantage created by being the only sub $200 laptop and then continue to market it to governments by showing benefits through real results. The other strategic option would be to join up with one of the currently successful companies to create a unified product such as the Lenovo OLPC using combined expertise and solid customer base and distribution network to bring down overall costs and make the $100 laptop a reality out of the gates. How to cite Marketing the $100 Laptop, Essay examples

Economics-Increasing Demand Rate of the Car-Free-Samples

Question: Explain, providing appropriate examples, why car manufacturers are constantly introducing new models. Answer: The demand for car is increasing day by day as people are using this vehicle to cover a long distance within a short time. Hence, in both developed and developing countries, people are demanding cars as a necessary commodity. The principle concept of this essay is to analyse the reason that why producers of car are constantly introducing new models. There are various reasons behind this. Manufacturers are making new cars with new technologies to meet those criteria, which consumers are demanding. Hence, in this context, concepts of benefit of the consumers, costs of producers and market structure of the car industry are some important aspects, which should be discussed in this essay. New models with new designs and technologies can attract consumers. This concept also helps a car manufacturer to compete with other competitors. The chief way to analyse this situation is to observe various models, which are introduced by different leading car manufacturers and basic economic concepts t hat support this view. After analysing these concepts, it will be seen that some models have sold with a huge demand, whereas, some models could not compete in the market. Hence, at the end of this essay, it will be discussed that what kind of updates are required in future. As technology is improving day by day, the car manufacturers can also incorporate these innovations in their model. There will be different charts and diagrams, which will reflect the trend of a car manufacturer in the market. Automobile industry is rapidly expanding their business in recent years. Different car manufacturing companies are introducing new models of cars to meet the raising demand of customers. Customers expectations on a car are chiefly based on the quality, safety, utility and reliability. Producers are trying to introduce new models based on those criteria. At the same time, producers can earn higher level of profits by selling new models of car with high prices. However, at the same time, overcapacity has created pressure on the auto industry to control the price of vehicle. Due to environmental concerns, the chief agenda of a manufacturer is to look after various matters, like, emissions of tailpipe, production of carbon dioxide and recycling. One of the growing issues is urban congestion all over the world that effectively decreases the usage of cars among different cities. These challenges lead the auto industry to innovate and introduce new models of cars. General Motors of U.S made different types of cars based on different demands of their consumers. The chief focus of a car producing company in U.S is to look after the speed, safety and comfort of consumers. Moreover, suspensions, interiors, stylish bodies and chassis of cars are also some important factors to introduce new models of cars. Car manufacturers have earned major importance in the automotive industry, worldwide. They have taken some primary responsibilities related to development of products, manufacturing and engineering because of some critical systems in the industry. The automotive manufacturing industry in Australia has faced various difficulties for which it needs to introduce new models of cars. The reason behind these difficulties is that, in Australia, motor vehicle producers are not able to survive in a highly competitive world market and domestic automotive markets. Some well known car manufacturing industries, like, Ford, Toyota and Holden have declared that before 2017, they will ce ase local productions. The chief reasons behind producing new models of cars are benefits, costs and market structures, within an automotive industry. In this context, some articles related to economics can be analysed. These will help readers to understand the economical reason behind producing new models of cars. According to an economics paper of Safiullin, Ismagilova, Gallyamova and Safiullin, consumer surplus is an important concept of benefit. According to Alfred Marshall, a consumer is ready to pay price for a commodity or service, when he or she gets benefits from it (Safiullin et al., 2013). In an economy, a consumer can pay higher prices for a commodity if he or she gets higher benefits from the product. However, the market price can be lower than that price, which the consumer wants to pay. Hence, the difference between these two prices is called consumer surplus (Xie Lin, 2017). In this car manufacturing industry, the consumer can pay higher prices if they get higher benefits from the new mode l of car. Fig1: Consumer Surplus Source: (created by author) In the above figure, the difference between P1 and P0 is the surplus of the consumer. Here, a consumer can purchase a car by paying P1 price, if he or she will get higher benefits from that car. However, the market price is P0, which will be paid by the consumer. Hence, under this situation, a consumer can also get benefit through surplus. Cost is another important factor, which greatly influence any production process. Under an automotive industry, manufacturers are very concern about their cost pattern. There are various in built steps to produce a car. Production cost refers those cost, which a manufacturing industry bears at the time of production of a good or service (Farahani, Rezapour, Drezner Fallah 2014). This cost includes wages of labours, prices of raw materials, land rent, interest of capital, advertisement costs and general overhead. Moreover, any taxes imposed by the government are also considered as production cost. Hence, production costs include all expenditures related to production or creation of goods and services. Producers experience product costs, which are related to both the materials that require for creating an item and labour to create it. In an automotive industry, the direct production costs are materials that is, plastic, tire, metal materials and so on. Hence, it can be seen that, ther e is a huge cost burden of a car manufacturer to produce a car. Hence, they also charge a huge price for each unit of car. This leads to increase the price of that durable commodity. Consumers do not want to buy old models or new cars with same features with high prices. However, consumers can purchase cars with high prices if the manufactures make new models of cars with new features. New models with high demand can decrease the burden of cost of a producer. In this regard, an important point is needed to be mentioned. The point is that, when the cost of car manufacturing increases, the selling cost may also increase at the same time. Australia is one of the few countries that can design and manufactures cars with significant volumes (Andersson, Sderman Sandn, 2017). The Automotive industry of Australia can be divided into two parts, which are interrelated with each other (Malihi Shee, 2017). These are the production sector and sales sector of cars and both of them are equally important for this car manufacturing industry of Australia. Manufacturing sector implies the market conditions under which the manufacturing business of Australia operates. It produces vehicles and other products that are related to those vehicles and the chief motive of this industry is to make profit. On the other side, sales sector implies a market situation under which various car manufacturing industries compete with each other to sale their cars. However, it is very important to differentiate between these two market conditions as these two markets operate within two different market structures, competitions and business strategies ( Pisano, 2017). The only market structure, which can describe the manufacturing sector of the automotive industry in Australia, is oligopoly (Hashmi Biesebroeck 2016). There are chiefly two companies who produce cars in Australia. These are Ford and Holden. Hence, the method of competition and strategies related to price are based on the oligopoly criteria. In an oligopolistic market, level of competitiveness and profitability are highly correlated with each other. On the other hand, the selling sector of automotive industry is based on the market structure of monopolistic competition (Harrison, Rutherford Tarr 2014). All car manufacturing industries are based on product differentiation by making different models of cars. Hence, they try to sale their cars by using different technologies. Toyota Motor Corporation is a multinational automobile manufacturing company of Japan. It is one of the leading car manufacturing companies all over the world. The company has launched various models of cars since the beginning of their business. Some of the best selling models of Toyota since 2016 are Toyota Camera, Toyota Corolla, Toyota RAV4, Toyota Tacoma and Toyota Highlander. Fig2: Toyota Models Selling Amount in 2016 Source: ("TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION GLOBAL WEBSITE", 2017) In 2016, Toyota has dominated the car market of Australia. Three models of this company were included among the top five bestselling car companies in this country. Fig3: Sales Volume of Small cars in Australia in July 2016 Source: (Malihi Shee, 2017) The automotive industry of any country is vast and dynamic by its nature. Developing countries chiefly depend on their domestic automotive industries for the opportunity of economic growth as it has important linkages with other industries. The industry has gone through several stages. These are craft production, mass production and lean production. Under those stages, some small enterprises as well as large industries establish some standard products and business strategies. Ford and Toyota started a new line of production and design of cars. Under car production, mechanisation has been transformed since past century that was led by the fastest speed with lower costs. The mass production system of Ford lied on standard designs with fully automated and interchangeable auto parts. On the other hand, the lean production system of Toyota led productivity to a new dimension by introducing pull system instead of push system. That means, instead of producing huge amount of vehicles and pus hing them towards the dealer for selling, they started producing their cars based on consumers immediate demand. Product innovation or introducing of new models in the automotive industry has chiefly based on the demands of customers (Damert Baumgartner, 2017). However, product positioning is a vital strategic variable for any car manufacturer. General Motors started producing different types of vehicles for different product segments. It ended the market of Ford with low price model. The ability of product variation on different dimensions is the chief strategic variable of any automotive car industries. However, the chiefly responsibility of automotive industry in U.S.A is to make cars based on customers satisfaction (Eilert, Jayachandran, Kalaignanam Swartz, 2017). On the other hand, the automotive industry of Europe has focused on their chief attentions on performance and ability to move easily and quickly of their vehicles. These are radial tires with steel-belted, fuel injection, disc brakes and turbo diesel engines. In Japan, the automotive producers are trying to produce different typ es of cars because of their miniaturisation culture, scarcity of materials, fuels and space. Industrial innovations have taken place over the last few centuries. The manufacturers of car industry incorporated some critical components of production to minimise transaction costs related to late deliveries and products, which are not produced with exact specifications. Under the automotive industry, market rivalry is based on two strategic variables. These are quality and product variety on the one hand and transaction price to increase sales, on the other hand. Maintaining high level of customers repurchase rates is important for an industry to earn high profit. Hence, the car makers try to attract and keep their customers with them by innovating new features of cars. Therefore, product variation is the major important concern of all small and large size car industries. However, some auto makers are well known in a particular market segment, for example, Mercedes, BMW and so on. The hallmark that Japan makes in their car is reliability on turnkey. On the other hand, Ford, Toyota and Chevrolet have launched small and sporty cars for their buyers. Analysts of automotive industries argue that major geographical and organisational changes influence this industry to innovate new technologies and reconfigurations on the basis of demand, based on environmental concern (Wagner, Ortman Maxfield, 2016). Each car manufacturing company tries to capture the international market by selling their cars worldwide. Hence, they are trying to innovate new models that can be suitable for all countries. In conclusion, it can be said that car manufacturing industry is one of the largest industry and it can deeply influence the economic system of a country. The chief motto of a car manufacturing industry is to produce different types of cars with different facilities that can influence their customers positively and they can earn huge amount of profits. Demands of customers are the first priority for those industries. Hence they always try to innovate new models of cars with new technologies that can satisfy a consumer. Safety, comfort, stylish body are some basic features that each consumer needs. They can get consumer surplus if new model are introduced in the market with large number of features. Then, they can buy it with a higher price. At the same time, producers are trying to reduce their cost structure. New technologies, substitute materials with lower prices can reduce the cost burden of a car manufacturing company. On the other hand, market structure is also an important con cept which should be kept in mind. Different countries have different market strategies for automotive industry. The automotive industry operates their functions chiefly under a monopolistic competitive market. Hence, product differentiation is a very important concept. They can differentiate their products if they launce new models with different new technologies. Therefore, it can be seen that introducing new models of cars is very important for each car manufactures compete and stay within this industry. References: Andersson, M., Sderman, M. L., Sandn, B. A. (2017). Are scarce metals in cars functionally recycled?.Waste Management,60, 407-416. Damert, M., Baumgartner, R. J. (2017). Intra?Sectoral Differences in Climate Change Strategies: Evidence from the Global Automotive Industry.Business Strategy and the Environment. Eilert, M., Jayachandran, S., Kalaignanam, K., Swartz, T. A. (2017). Does It Pay to Recall Your Product Early? An Empirical Investigation in the Automobile Industry.Journal of Marketing,81(3), 111-129. Farahani, R. Z., Rezapour, S., Drezner, T., Fallah, S. (2014). Competitive supply chain network design: An overview of classifications, models, solution techniques and applications.Omega,45, 92-118. Harrison, G. W., Rutherford, T. F., Tarr, D. G. (2014). Increased competition and completion of the market in the European Union: static and steady state effects. InAPPLIED TRADE POLICY MODELING IN 16 COUNTRIES: Insights and Impacts from World Bank CGE Based Projects(pp. 361-394). Hashmi, A. R., Biesebroeck, J. V. (2016). The relationship between market structure and innovation in industry equilibrium: a case study of the global automobile industry.Review of Economics and Statistics,98(1), 192-208. Malihi, K., Shee, H. (2017). STRATEGIC VEHICLES IMPORT SUPPLY CHAIN: A PARADIGM SHIFT IN AUSTRALIAN AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY.Asian Academy of Management Journal,22(1). Pisano, G. P. (2017). Toward a prescriptive theory of dynamic capabilities: connecting strategic choice, learning, and competition.Industrial and Corporate Change,26(5), 747-762. Safiullin, L. 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